Active and Passive Voice: Meaning, Types, Rules & Examples in English
Active and Passive Voice are important concepts in English grammar that help learners understand how actions are expressed in a sentence. This guide explains the definition, structure, rules, and examples in simple language so that students can easily learn sentence formation along with Hindi understanding.
Voice in English Grammar – Active & Passive Voice
Definition of Active Voice
A sentence is called Active Voice when the subject itself performs the action mentioned in the verb. In this structure, the focus remains on the doer of the action.
Example:
Ram writes a letter.
Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
Definition of Passive Voice
A sentence is known as Passive Voice when the subject receives the action instead of performing it. The person who performs the action is often added using the word “by.”
Example:
A letter is written by Ram.
Structure:
Object + Helping Verb + Past Participle + by + Subject
Rules of Voice: Active and Passive Voice
English Grammar में Voice दो प्रकार की होती है:
(1) Active Voice और (2) Passive Voice।
Examples (उदाहरण)
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Gopal teaches Mohan. | Mohan is taught by Gopal. |
| I write a letter. | A letter is written by me. |
| Rama killed Ravan. | Ravan was killed by Rama. |
| He will read this book. | This book will be read by him. |
ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरणों से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि Active Voice में Subject (कर्ता) स्वयं कार्य करता है।
जबकि Passive Voice में क्रिया का प्रभाव Object (कर्म) पर पड़ता है और उसी को अधिक महत्व दिया जाता है।
Main Difference (मुख्य अंतर)
- Active Voice में Verb द्वारा Subject को प्रधानता दी जाती है।
- Passive Voice में Verb द्वारा Object को अधिक महत्व दिया जाता है।
Important Notes (महत्वपूर्ण बातें)
✅ Active Voice के वाक्य English के सभी 12 Tenses में बनाए जा सकते हैं।
✅ लेकिन Passive Voice केवल 8 Tenses में ही बनती है।
निम्नलिखित Tenses की Passive Voice सामान्यतः नहीं बनती:
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Future Continuous Tense
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Special Rule (विशेष नियम)
जिन वाक्यों में Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया) होती है, उनकी Passive Voice नहीं बनाई जा सकती क्योंकि उनमें Object मौजूद नहीं होता।
Pronoun ka Use in Active and Passive Voice
यदि Subject (कर्ता) एक Pronoun (सर्वनाम) होता है, तो Passive Voice बनाते समय वह वाक्य के अंत में आ जाता है और सामान्यतः उससे पहले “by” लगाया जाता है।
Pronoun Change Chart (Subject → Object)
| Subject (Active Voice) | Object (Passive Voice) |
| I | me |
| We | us |
| You | you |
| They | them |
| He | him |
| She | her |
| It | it |
| Who | whom |
(I) Active Voice se Passive Voice Banana
Active Voice के वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के कुछ मुख्य नियम होते हैं:
Main Rules (मुख्य नियम)
- Subject को Object तथा Object को Subject बनाया जाता है।
- नए Object से पहले सामान्यतः by का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
- Tense के अनुसार सही Helping Verb लगाई जाती है।
- Main Verb की Third Form (Past Participle) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Active se Passive Voice banane ki Method
Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदलने का तरीका अलग-अलग Tenses के अनुसार बदलता है। नीचे प्रत्येक नियम को सरल तरीके से समझाया गया है।
1. Present Indefinite (Simple Present) Tense
इस Tense में Passive Voice बनाते समय Is / Am / Are + Verb ki Third Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Helping Verb ka Use
- I के साथ → Am
- He / She / It तथा Singular Noun (एकवचन संज्ञा) के साथ → Is
- We / You / They तथा Plural Noun (बहुवचन संज्ञा) के साथ → Are
Examples (उदाहरण)
Active: We read our books.
Passive: Our books are read by us.
Active: He plays cricket.
Passive: Cricket is played by him.
Active: You do not learn your lesson.
Passive: Your lesson is not learnt by you.
Practice: Change the Sentences into Passive Voice
नीचे दिए गए वाक्य Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदले गए हैं। Examples को नए शब्दों के साथ लिखा गया है ताकि नियम आसानी से समझ आए।
| # | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | I purchase fruits from the shop. | Fruits are purchased by me from the shop. |
| 2 | She cleans her clothes daily. | Her clothes are cleaned by her daily. |
| 3 | I do not dislike my friend. | My friend is not disliked by me. |
| 4 | Do you not admire her? | Is she not admired by you? |
| 5 | She does not support me. | I am not supported by her. |
| 6 | Ramesh writes a message. | A message is written by Ramesh. |
| 7 | Amit does not punish his workers. | His workers are not punished by Amit. |
| 8 | Does Neha not sing songs today? | Are songs not sung by Neha today? |
| 9 | Which food do you not prefer to eat? | Which food is not preferred by you to eat? |
| 10 | Who teaches you English nowadays? | By whom are you taught English nowadays? |
इन उदाहरणों से स्पष्ट होता है कि Passive Voice में Object को प्रमुख स्थान दिया जाता है और Verb की Third Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
2. Present Continuous (Present Progressive) Tense
इस Tense में Passive Voice बनाते समय being का प्रयोग किया जाता है तथा मुख्य क्रिया की Third Form लगाई जाती है।
Structure
Is being / Am being / Are being + Past Participle (V³)
Helping Verb Rules (नियम)
- I के साथ → Am being
- He / She / It या Singular Noun → Is being
- We / You / They या Plural Noun → Are being
Examples (नए उदाहरण)
Active: I am studying a lesson.
Passive: A lesson is being studied by me.
Active: They are not watching a movie.
Passive: A movie is not being watched by them.
Active: Are the students preparing a project?
Passive: Is a project being prepared by the students?
Active: Why is he calling you?
Passive: Why are you being called by him?
Practice Exercise: Change the Sentences into Passive Voice
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदला गया है। Examples को नए शब्दों के साथ प्रस्तुत किया गया है ताकि नियम स्पष्ट रूप से समझ आए।
| # | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | I am sending messages to my relatives. | Messages are being sent by me to my relatives. |
| 2 | You are purchasing notebooks. | Notebooks are being purchased by you. |
| 3 | She is not opening her shop. | Her shop is not being opened by her. |
| 4 | My cousin is not playing football. | Football is not being played by my cousin. |
| 5 | Are the workers completing their task? | Is their task being completed by the workers? |
| 6 | Is the cleaner not cleaning the rooms today? | Are the rooms not being cleaned by the cleaner today? |
| 7 | Why is Riya not eating her lunch today? | Why is her lunch not being eaten by Riya today? |
| 8 | Where is the instructor checking our notebooks? | Where are our notebooks being checked by the instructor? |
| 9 | Who is calling me outside the house? | By whom am I being called outside the house? |
| 10 | Who is not finishing the assignment today? | By whom is the assignment not being finished today? |
3. Present Perfect Tense ✨
इस Tense की Passive Voice बनाते समय Have been / Has been के साथ Main Verb की Third Form (Past Participle) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
इसमें action complete हो चुका होता है और उसका प्रभाव दिखाई देता है।
Helping Verb Rules 📘
- I, We, You, They तथा Plural Nouns (बहुवचन संज्ञा) के साथ → Have been
- He, She, It तथा Singular Nouns (एकवचन संज्ञा) के साथ → Has been
👉 Structure:
Object + have/has been + V³ + by + Subject
Examples (नए उदाहरण) 📝
Active: I have completed the assignment.
Passive: The assignment has been completed by me.
Active: You have not cleaned the room.
Passive: The room has not been cleaned by you.
Active: Has the player won the match?
Passive: Has the match been won by the player?
Active: Why has she not watered the plants?
Passive: Why have the plants not been watered by her?
Practice Exercise: Change Active Voice into Passive Voice ✍️
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदला गया है। Examples को नए शब्दों में लिखा गया है ताकि नियम आसानी से समझ में आए।
| # | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | My teacher has explained grammar to me today. | I have been explained grammar today by my teacher. |
| 2 | Sana has not finished these oranges. | These oranges have not been finished by Sana. |
| 3 | You have helped the injured man. | The injured man has been helped by you. |
| 4 | The guard has not stopped the visitors. | The visitors have not been stopped by the guard. |
| 5 | They have not prepared the report yet. | The report has not been prepared by them yet. |
| 6 | Who has opened the window? | By whom has the window been opened? |
| 7 | Why has he not completed the task? | Why has the task not been completed by him? |
| 8 | When will she teach you Mathematics? | When will you be taught Mathematics by her? |
| 9 | Has the farmer not planted the crops? | Have the crops not been planted by the farmer? |
| 10 | How has your elder sister solved these sums? | How have these sums been solved by your elder sister? |
📌 इन उदाहरणों से पता चलता है कि Present Perfect Tense की Passive Voice में
👉 has/have been + Verb की Third Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
✨ Passive Voice बनाते समय Object को पहले लाया जाता है और doer के पहले सामान्यतः by लगाया जाता है।
4. Past Indefinite Tense (Simple Past) 🕒
इस Tense की Passive Voice बनाते समय Was और Were Helping Verbs का प्रयोग किया जाता है तथा Main Verb की Third Form (V³) लगाई जाती है।
Helping Verb Rules 📘
- I, He, She, It तथा Singular Nouns के साथ → Was
- You, We, They तथा Plural Nouns के साथ → Were
👉 Structure:
Object + was/were + V³ + by + Subject
Examples (नए उदाहरण) ✍️
Active: He supported me yesterday.
Passive: I was supported yesterday by him.
Active: You did not invite me to the party.
Passive: I was not invited to the party by you.
Active: Did you meet Rohan last week?
Passive: Was Rohan met last week by you?
Active: Why did she not perform a dance at the event?
Passive: Why was a dance not performed at the event by her?
Active: Who taught you Hindi?
Passive: By whom were you taught Hindi?
(OR) By whom was Hindi taught to you?
Important Note ⚠️
✅ जब Verb Transitive (सकर्मक क्रिया) की तरह प्रयोग होती है, तभी Passive Voice बनती है।
Example:
She did not sing a song. (Active)
A song was not sung by her. (Passive)
❌ लेकिन यदि Verb Intransitive (अकर्मक क्रिया) की तरह प्रयोग हो रही हो, तो Passive Voice नहीं बनेगी।
Example:
She did not sing yesterday. → Passive Voice possible नहीं है।
Practice Exercise: Change into Passive Voice 📝
| # | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | Mother prepared the meal. | The meal was prepared by mother. |
| 2 | Father checked the files in his office. | The files were checked by father in his office. |
| 3 | They offered prayers in the temple. | Prayers were offered by them in the temple. |
| 4 | The farmer did not eat his breakfast in the morning. | His breakfast was not eaten by the farmer in the morning. |
| 5 | Who taught you Mathematics? | By whom were you taught Mathematics? |
| 6 | Why did he not guide you yesterday? | Why were you not guided by him yesterday? |
| 7 | Did the courier deliver your parcel? | Was your parcel delivered by the courier? |
| 8 | Why did Rohit not play in the tournament? | Why was the tournament not played by Rohit? |
| 9 | Did the watchman not open the gate yesterday? | Was the gate not opened by the watchman yesterday? |
| 10 | Why did you discuss the issue with the principal? | Why was the issue discussed by you with the principal? |
5. Past Continuous Tense (Past Progressive) ⏳
इस Tense में Passive Voice बनाते समय Was being / Were being का प्रयोग किया जाता है और Main Verb की Third Form लगती है।
Helping Verb Rules 📚
- I, He, She, It तथा Singular Nouns → Was being
- We, You, They तथा Plural Nouns → Were being
👉 Structure:
Object + was/were being + V³ + by + Subject
Examples (नए उदाहरण) ✨
Active: He was reading a newspaper.
Passive: A newspaper was being read by him.
Active: You were calling the driver.
Passive: The driver was being called by you.
Active: The worker was not completing his duty.
Passive: His duty was not being completed by the worker.
Active: Who was damaging the chairs?
Passive: By whom were the chairs being damaged?
Practice Exercise: Change Active Voice into Passive Voice ✍️
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों में Past Continuous Tense के Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदला गया है। Examples को नए शब्दों में प्रस्तुत किया गया है ताकि concept आसानी से समझ में आए।
| No. | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | I was composing an email. | An email was being composed by me. |
| 2 | Suresh was eating sweet apples in the evening. | Sweet apples were being eaten by Suresh in the evening. |
| 3 | Your sister was cleaning old utensils near the pond. | Old utensils were being cleaned by your sister near the pond. |
| 4 | The guard was not performing his duty carefully yesterday. | His duty was not being performed carefully by the guard yesterday. |
| 5 | Why were you insulting the helpless man? | Why was the helpless man being insulted by you? |
| 6 | What were you preparing in the kitchen? | What was being prepared by you in the kitchen? |
| 7 | Why was Rahul laughing at Aman? | Why was Aman being laughed at by Rahul? |
| 8 | Where was he completing his assignment today? | Where was his assignment being completed by him today? |
| 9 | When were you learning the speech? | When was the speech being learned by you? |
| 10 | Who was calling you last night? | By whom were you being called last night? |
📌 इन examples से स्पष्ट होता है कि Past Continuous Passive Voice में
👉 was/were being + Verb की Third Form (V³) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
✨ Passive Voice बनाते समय Object को पहले लाया जाता है और action receiver पर focus किया जाता है।
6. Past Perfect Tense ⏳✨
Past Perfect Tense की Passive Voice बनाते समय सभी Subjects के साथ Had been Helping Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है तथा Main Verb की Third Form (V³) लगाई जाती है।
यह tense उस action को दर्शाता है जो अतीत में किसी दूसरे कार्य से पहले पूरा हो चुका था।
👉 Structure:
Object + had been + V³ + by + Subject
Examples (नए उदाहरण) 📘
Active: Neha had completed the project.
Passive: The project had been completed by Neha.
Active: I had prepared the notes before evening.
Passive: The notes had been prepared before evening by me.
Active: Had they informed you before leaving the city?
Passive: Had you been informed before leaving the city by them?
Active: Why had you punished the servant before going outside?
Passive: Why had the servant been punished before going outside by you?
Practice Exercise: Change into Passive Voice 📝
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदला गया है ताकि नियम स्पष्ट रूप से समझ आए।
| # | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | The workers had cleaned the ground before sunset. | The ground had been cleaned by the workers before sunset. |
| 2 | The players had finished the game before noon. | The game had been finished by the players before noon. |
| 3 | Meena had washed her clothes before dinner. | Her clothes had been washed by Meena before dinner. |
| 4 | They had not completed their task before nightfall. | Their task had not been completed by them before nightfall. |
| 5 | Had the officers arrested the criminals before morning? | Had the criminals been arrested by the officers before morning? |
| 6 | Why did you not complete the assignment after the teacher had left? | Why was the assignment not completed by you after the teacher had left? |
| 7 | The army had occupied the area before curfew. | The area had been occupied by the army before curfew. |
| 8 | Had he not revealed the truth before the case ended? | Had the truth not been revealed by him before the case ended? |
| 9 | Who had damaged the window before noon? | By whom had the window been damaged before noon? |
| 10 | Where had the thief hidden the money before he was caught? | Where had the money been hidden by the thief before he was caught? |
📌 याद रखें: Past Perfect Passive में हमेशा
👉 Had been + Verb ki Third Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Important Note 📌
Before he was arrested का अर्थ before his arrest भी होता है।
दोनों expressions का meaning समान रहता है और sentence के अनुसार interchangeable होते हैं।
7. Future Indefinite Tense (Simple Future) 🔮
Future Indefinite Tense की Passive Voice बनाते समय Will be तथा Shall be Helping Verbs का प्रयोग किया जाता है और Main Verb की Third Form (V³) लगाई जाती है।
Helping Verb Rules 📘
- I, We के साथ सामान्यतः → Shall be
- अन्य सभी Subjects (You, He, She, It, They, Singular/Plural Nouns) के साथ → Will be
👉 Structure:
Object + will/shall be + V³ + by + Subject
Examples (नए उदाहरण) ✍️
Active: He will complete the task again.
Passive: The task will be completed again by him.
Active: I shall not send him a message.
Passive: A message will not be sent to him by me.
Active: Will you support us today?
Passive: Shall we be supported today by you?
Active: Who will open the gate?
Passive: By whom will the gate be opened?
✨ ध्यान रखें: Future Passive Voice में हमेशा be + Third Form का प्रयोग होता है।
Practice Exercise: Rewrite the Sentences into Passive Voice ✍️
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदला गया है। Examples को नए शब्दों में लिखा गया है ताकि नियम स्पष्ट रूप से समझ में आए।
| # | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | The farmer will plant the crops today. | The crops will be planted by the farmer today. |
| 2 | I shall finish the assignment tomorrow. | The assignment will be finished by me tomorrow. |
| 3 | People sell newspapers here. | Newspapers are sold here. |
| 4 | Carelessness will achieve nothing. | Nothing will be achieved by carelessness. |
| 5 | The driver will not repair the vehicle. | The vehicle will not be repaired by the driver. |
| 6 | He shall never guide you again. | You will never be guided by him again. |
| 7 | They will not obey your orders. | Your orders will not be obeyed by them. |
| 8 | The editor will never publish your article in tomorrow’s edition. | Your article will never be published by the editor in tomorrow’s edition. |
| 9 | Will they join us for the meeting? | Will we be joined by them for the meeting? |
| 10 | Who will remember your support? | By whom will your support be remembered? |
📌 Future Passive sentences में सामान्यतः
👉 will/shall be + Verb ki Third Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
8. Future Perfect Tense ⏰✨
Future Perfect Tense की Passive Voice बनाते समय Shall have been तथा Will have been Helping Verbs का प्रयोग किया जाता है और Main Verb की Third Form लगाई जाती है।
Helping Verb Rules 📘
- I, We के साथ → Shall have been
- अन्य सभी Subjects के साथ → Will have been
👉 Structure:
Object + will/shall have been + V³ + by + Subject
Examples (नए उदाहरण) 📝
Active: We shall have completed the project.
Passive: The project will have been completed by us.
Active: Neha will have supported Riya.
Passive: Riya will have been supported by Neha.
Active: Aman will not have cleaned his room.
Passive: His room will not have been cleaned by Aman.
Active: Will they have closed the shop?
Passive: Will the shop have been closed by them?
✨ Future Perfect Passive में हमेशा have been + Third Form का प्रयोग याद रखें।
Practice Exercise: Change the Sentences into Passive Voice ✍️
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों में Future Perfect Tense के Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदला गया है। Examples को नए शब्दों में लिखा गया है ताकि नियम स्पष्ट रूप से समझ में आए।
| # | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | I shall have completed the test paper. | The test paper will have been completed by me. |
| 2 | You will have performed the same task. | The same task will have been performed by you. |
| 3 | The instructor will have checked the answer sheets. | The answer sheets will have been checked by the instructor. |
| 4 | She will not have taken a bath in the river. | The river will not have been bathed in by her. |
| 5 | Will you not have finished the assignment by tomorrow? | Will the assignment not have been finished by you by tomorrow? |
| 6 | How will you have completed the syllabus in such little time? | How will the syllabus have been completed by you in such little time? |
| 7 | Who will have scolded these careless students? | By whom will these careless students have been scolded? |
| 8 | Will the mechanic not have repaired the damaged machine within two hours? | Will the damaged machine not have been repaired by the mechanic within two hours? |
| 9 | When will you have reviewed your lessons? | When will your lessons have been reviewed by you? |
| 10 | Father will not have taken a bath before mother prepares the meal. | Father will not have been bathed before the meal is prepared by mother. |
📌 Future Perfect Passive Voice में हमेशा याद रखें:
👉 will/shall have been + Verb ki Third Form (V³) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
✨ Passive Voice sentence में action receiver पर ज़्यादा ध्यान दिया जाता है, जबकि doer को बाद में by के साथ लिखा जाता है।
Imperative Sentences 📢
Imperative Sentences वे वाक्य होते हैं जिनसे आदेश (order), निवेदन (request), प्रार्थना (request), सलाह (suggestion) आदि व्यक्त होते हैं।
ऐसे वाक्यों में Subject (कर्ता) सीधे दिखाई नहीं देता, लेकिन समझा जाता है कि Subject “You” है।
👉 Positive (Affirmative) Imperative Sentences सामान्यतः Verb की First Form (V¹) से शुरू होते हैं।
Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences ✨
Imperative Sentences को Passive Voice में बदलते समय कुछ विशेष नियमों का पालन किया जाता है।
Main Rules 📘
1️⃣ Passive बनाते समय Let + Object + be + Verb ki Third Form (V³) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
2️⃣ Negative sentences में be से पहले not लगाया जाता है।
3️⃣ Active Voice के Negative Imperative अक्सर Do not / Don’t से शुरू होते हैं।
4️⃣ Never वाले वाक्यों की Passive Voice बनाने के लिए structure होता है:
👉 should + never + be + V³
5️⃣ Request वाले Positive sentences में Please हटाकर उसकी जगह
👉 You are requested to लिखा जाता है।
6️⃣ Request वाले Negative sentences में structure होगा:
👉 You are requested not to + Verb
Examples (नए उदाहरण) 📝
Active: Close the window.
Passive: Let the window be closed by you.
Active: Cut the branches.
Passive: Let the branches be cut.
Active: Do not disturb the child.
Passive: Let the child not be disturbed by you.
Active: Don’t disrespect the elderly people.
Passive: Let the elderly people not be disrespected by you.
Active: Please support me.
Passive: You are requested to support me.
Active: Please do not waste water.
Passive: You are requested not to waste water.
Active: Never break the rules.
Passive: The rules should never be broken by you.
(OR) Let the rules never be broken.
Active: Always respect your teachers.
Passive: Your teachers should always be respected.
(OR) Let your teachers always be respected.
✨ याद रखें: Imperative Passive Voice में focus action पर होता है, न कि doer पर।
Practice Exercise: Imperative Sentences → Passive Voice 📢✍️
नीचे दिए गए Imperative Sentences को Passive Voice में बदला गया है। Examples को नए शब्दों में प्रस्तुत किया गया है ताकि नियम स्पष्ट रूप से समझ में आए।
| # | Active Voice (Imperative) | Passive Voice |
| 1 | Call the assistant. | Let the assistant be called. |
| 2 | Close the window. | Let the window be closed. |
| 3 | Don’t create noise. | Let no noise be created. |
| 4 | Do not insult your needy relatives. | Let your needy relatives not be insulted. |
| 5 | Please request him to leave. | You are requested to request him to leave. |
| 6 | Please do not permit him to enter. | You are requested not to permit him to enter. |
| 7 | Ask him to study sincerely. | Let him be asked to study sincerely. |
| 8 | Never speak the truth falsely. | Let false words never be spoken. |
| 9 | Don’t trouble me at present. | Let me not be troubled at present. |
| 10 | Please walk on the left side. | You are requested to walk on the left side. |
| 11 | Please do not move to the right side. | You are requested not to move to the right side. |
Practice Exercise: Change Active Voice into Passive Voice 📝
अब नीचे दिए गए सामान्य वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदला गया है।
| # | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | We forced the opponent to surrender. | The opponent was forced to surrender by us. |
| 2 | The young boy created chaos in the meeting. | Chaos was created by the young boy in the meeting. |
| 3 | I notice a black cloud in the sky. | A black cloud is noticed by me in the sky. |
| 4 | The dog followed the goats and sheep. | The goats and sheep were followed by the dog. |
| 5 | The careless child drank all the juice. | All the juice was drunk by the careless child. |
| 6 | The caretaker feeds the animal daily. | The animal is fed by the caretaker daily. |
| 7 | The player hit the ball strongly. | The ball was hit strongly by the player. |
| 8 | Your rude behaviour annoys me. | I am annoyed by your rude behaviour. |
| 9 | Now we expect positive results. | Positive results are expected by us now. |
| 10 | The farmer collects the crops. | The crops are collected by the farmer. |
| 11 | His close friend cheated him yesterday. | He was cheated by his close friend yesterday. |
| 12 | He offered her a seat. | She was offered a seat by him. |
✨ इन exercises से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि Passive Voice में focus हमेशा action ke receiver पर होता है, जबकि doer को बाद में by के साथ लिखा जाता है।
Different Types of Sentences – Active & Passive Voice 📘✨
नीचे विभिन्न प्रकार के वाक्यों के उदाहरण दिए गए हैं जिनसे Active Voice और Passive Voice के प्रयोग को अलग-अलग परिस्थितियों में समझा जा सकता है।
Sample Transformations 📝
Active Voice : We planned to arrange a conference.
Passive Voice : A conference was planned to be arranged by us.
Active: His classmates made fun of him.
Passive: He was made fun of by his classmates.
Active: They elected him captain.
Passive: He was elected captain by them.
Active: You must obey the rules.
Passive: The rules must be obeyed by you.
Active: Everyone wants happiness.
Passive: Happiness is wanted by everyone.
Active: They decided to organize a play.
Passive: It was decided to organize a play.
Active: The institute granted him a diploma.
Passive: A diploma was granted to him by the institute.
Active: Carelessness brings no success.
Passive: No success is brought by carelessness.
Active: One should keep promises.
Passive: Promises should be kept.
Active: Situations forced me to leave early.
Passive: I was forced to leave early.
Practice Set – Active to Passive Voice ✍️
| No. | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | We praise honest people. | Honest people are praised by us. |
| 2 | I gifted the child some books. | The child was gifted some books by me. |
| 3 | Nature teaches animals survival skills. | Animals are taught survival skills by nature. |
| 4 | He compelled his brother to finish the task. | His brother was compelled to finish the task by him. |
| 5 | Did you read that story long ago? | Was that story read by you long ago? |
| 6 | The rulers hoped to capture the kingdom. | The kingdom was hoped to be captured by the rulers. |
| 7 | The boy is climbing a tall tree. | A tall tree is being climbed by the boy. |
| 8 | The teacher trained me to read French. | I was trained to read French by the teacher. |
| 9 | People expect discipline from students. | Discipline is expected from students. |
| 10 | Do you understand my idea? | Is my idea understood by you? |
| 11 | The coach encouraged the players during the match. | The players were encouraged by the coach during the match. |
| 12 | Shall we hear his speech again tomorrow? | Shall his speech be heard by us again tomorrow? |
| 13 | They intend to build a bridge over the river. | A bridge is intended to be built over the river. |
| 14 | The guide showed us ancient monuments. | Ancient monuments were shown to us by the guide. |
| 15 | Salim hoped to succeed the emperor. | The emperor was hoped to be succeeded by Salim. |
Additional Practice Examples 🔄
| No. | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | My guards were leading me towards the court. | I was being led towards the court by my guards. |
| 2 | Your actions sometimes upset me. | I am sometimes upset by your actions. |
| 3 | The judge declared him innocent. | He was declared innocent by the judge. |
| 4 | He pretended to be a businessman. | A businessman was pretended to be by him. |
| 5 | The minister ordered officers to catch the thief. | Officers were ordered by the minister to catch the thief. |
| 6 | Examine him carefully. | Let him be examined carefully. |
| 7 | Someone has turned off the fan. | The fan has been turned off. |
| 8 | Aunt Mary noticed Tom opening the cupboard. | Tom was noticed opening the cupboard by Aunt Mary. |
| 9 | Several leaders blamed the minister for mistakes. | The minister was blamed for mistakes by several leaders. |
| 10 | Avoid the narrow street. | Let the narrow street be avoided. |
| 11 | Leave the wrong way immediately. | Let the wrong way be left immediately. |
| 12 | Did you ever hear the name of Rana Pratap? | Was the name of Rana Pratap ever heard by you? |
| 13 | My friends will never forget me. | I shall never be forgotten by my friends. |
| 14 | The owner appointed him supervisor. | He was appointed supervisor by the owner. |
| 15 | The soldiers handed the fort to the allies. | The fort was handed to the allies by the soldiers. |
Passive Voice without the Agent ✨📘
जब किसी वाक्य में काम (action) को ज्यादा महत्व देना होता है और करने वाले व्यक्ति (Agent) को बताना जरूरी नहीं होता, तब Passive Voice में by + doer का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता।
ऐसे वाक्यों में कार्य पर ध्यान दिया जाता है, न कि कर्ता पर। इसलिए Agent को छोड़ दिया जाता है।
👉 आसान शब्दों में — काम महत्वपूर्ण है, करने वाला नहीं।
Examples 🌿
- The monument was damaged. (स्मारक को नुकसान पहुँचाया गया।)
- The minister was arrested. (मंत्री को गिरफ्तार किया गया।)
- Fees should be submitted on time. (शुल्क समय पर जमा किया जाना चाहिए।)
- The boy was injured. (लड़का घायल कर दिया गया।)
Study the Following Examples Carefully 📝
Active: Call the ambulance.
Passive: Let the ambulance be called.
Active: Issue the notice immediately.
Passive: Let the notice be issued immediately.
Active: It is time to close the office.
Passive: It is time for the office to be closed.
Active: The crowd applauded the leader’s speech loudly.
Passive: The leader’s speech was loudly applauded.
Active: Clear the payment today.
Passive: Let the payment be cleared today.
Active: They demolished the old building.
Passive: The old building has been demolished.
Active: Should we send the parcel by courier?
Passive: Should the parcel be sent by courier?
Active: Where did you discover the keys?
Passive: Where were the keys discovered?
Active: They gave him his wages.
Passive: His wages were given to him.
Active: People speak Punjabi in many regions.
Passive: Punjabi is spoken in many regions.
Change the Sentences into Passive Voice ✨📘
| No. | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1 | He killed the tiger with a gun. | The tiger was killed by him with a gun. |
| 2 | The villagers captured the robbers. | The robbers were captured by the villagers. |
| 3 | They were purchasing balloons. | Balloons were being purchased by them. |
| 4 | They have achieved victory in the game. | Victory in the game has been achieved by them. |
| 5 | He is composing a letter. | A letter is being composed by him. |
| 6 | Ravi will send the letter by post. | The letter will be sent by Ravi by post. |
| 7 | They have discovered the truth. | The truth has been discovered by them. |
| 8 | We had closed all the doors before evening. | All the doors had been closed by us before evening. |
| 9 | We did not bring food grains from abroad last year. | Food grains were not brought from abroad by us last year. |
| 10 | Who has drawn that painting? | By whom has that painting been drawn? |
| 11 | My servant can mail your letter. | Your letter can be mailed by my servant. |
| 12 | Shakespeare composed many dramas. | Many dramas were composed by Shakespeare. |
| 13 | A young boy welcomed her on the way. | She was welcomed on the way by a young boy. |
| 14 | Gopal could operate the car easily. | The car could be operated easily by Gopal. |
| 15 | Our team must win the match. | The match must be won by our team. |
| 16 | You should listen to his advice. | His advice should be listened to by you. |
| 17 | The boys chose Mohan as captain. | Mohan was chosen as captain by the boys. |
| 18 | White ants have damaged the carpet. | The carpet has been damaged by white ants. |
| 19 | Rama sent a letter to his father. | A letter was sent to his father by Rama. |
| 20 | The driver drove the car very quickly. | The car was driven very quickly by the driver. |
(II) Passive Voice से Active Voice बनाना 🔄📘
Passive Voice से Active Voice में वाक्य बदलते समय वही नियम लागू होते हैं जो Active से Passive बनाते समय प्रयोग किए जाते हैं, लेकिन उल्टे क्रम (reverse process) में।
अर्थात Passive बनाते समय जो परिवर्तन जोड़े जाते हैं, Active बनाते समय उन्हें हटा दिया जाता है।
✅ Passive Voice → Active Voice के मुख्य नियम
- Passive वाक्य का Object, Active Voice का Subject बन जाता है।
- Passive में प्रयुक्त by को हटाकर उसके बाद आने वाले व्यक्ति/वस्तु को Subject बनाया जाता है।
- यदि by के बाद Pronoun (सर्वनाम) हो, तो उसे Subject form (Nominative Case) में बदलते हैं।
👉 उदाहरण:
me → I
us → we
them → they
him → he
her → she
✨ निम्न उदाहरणों को ध्यान से समझिए
Passive: Meera is admired by Mohan.
Active: Mohan admires Meera.
Passive: The bridge is being built by the workers.
Active: The workers are building the bridge.
Passive: The gate was locked by the guard.
Active: The guard locked the gate.
Passive: The injured player was being helped by some students.
Active: Some students were helping the injured player.
Passive: The task will not be completed in two days by him.
Active: He will not complete the task in two days.
Passive: Why could the problem not be solved by you?
Active: Why could you not solve the problem?
Passive: A certificate will be issued to you tomorrow by the officer.
Active: The officer will issue you a certificate tomorrow.
Passive: He was appreciated by all.
Active: All appreciated him.
Passive: You are advised to keep left.
Active: Keep left.
Passive: You are warned not to cross the line.
Active: Do not cross the line.
(II) Passive Voice ko Active Voice mein kaise badlein 🔄📘
Passive Voice se Active Voice banate waqt sentence ki structure ko reverse (उल्टा) किया जाता है।
Passive sentence में action पर ज़्यादा ध्यान होता है, जबकि Active Voice में कार्य करने वाला (doer) मुख्य होता है।
जब हम Passive से Active बनाते हैं, तो अतिरिक्त शब्द हटाकर वाक्य को सरल और सीधा बनाया जाता है।
✅ Passive → Active Conversion Rules
- Passive sentence का Object, Active sentence का Subject बन जाता है।
- “by + doer” को हटाकर वही व्यक्ति नया Subject बनता है।
- Pronoun होने पर उसका Subject form लिखा जाता है।
👉 उदाहरण:
| Passive Form | Active Form |
| me | I |
| him | he |
| her | she |
| them | they |
| us | we |
✨ Examples (नये उदाहरण — rewritten)
Passive: Riya is helped by Aman.
Active: Aman helps Riya.
Passive: The road is being repaired by workers.
Active: Workers are repairing the road.
Passive: The classroom was cleaned by the peon.
Active: The peon cleaned the classroom.
Passive: The injured player was being assisted by volunteers.
Active: Volunteers were assisting the injured player.
Passive: The project will not be completed on time by him.
Active: He will not complete the project on time.
Passive: Why was the question not answered by you?
Active: Why did you not answer the question?
Passive: A certificate will be given to you by the manager.
Active: The manager will give you a certificate.
Passive: She was appreciated by everyone.
Active: Everyone appreciated her.
Passive: You are advised to follow the rules.
Active: Follow the rules.
Passive: You are warned not to enter the room.
Active: Do not enter the room.
🔄 Voice Change Exercise (Active ↔ Passive)
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में Voice बदलिए। अर्थात जो वाक्य Active Voice में हैं उन्हें Passive Voice में तथा जो Passive Voice में हैं उन्हें Active Voice में बदलिए।
Examples
Active: Ashoka defeated many enemies.
Passive: Many enemies were defeated by Ashoka.
Active: Close the window at once.
Passive: Let the window be closed at once.
Interchange the Voice
| # | Sentence | Changed Voice |
| 1 | A monkey has bitten the boy. | The boy has been bitten by a monkey. |
| 2 | A naughty child broke the glass window. | The glass window was broken by a naughty child. |
| 3 | She is admired by everyone. | Everyone admires her. |
| 4 | Virat scored a century in the match. | A century was scored by Virat in the match. |
| 5 | My brother will send an email. | An email will be sent by my brother. |
| 6 | The deer was hunted by a poacher. | A poacher hunted the deer. |
| 7 | He did not make me wait long. | I was not made to wait long by him. |
| 8 | The teacher called my roll number. | My roll number was called by the teacher. |
| 9 | Why did your friend ignore you? | Why were you ignored by your friend? |
| 10 | My bicycle has been stolen today. | Someone has stolen my bicycle today. |
| 11 | We must follow these rules. | These rules must be followed by us. |
| 12 | He made an amazing discovery. | An amazing discovery was made by him. |
| 13 | The manager appreciated her work. | Her work was appreciated by the manager. |
| 14 | My sister has painted this wall. | This wall has been painted by my sister. |
| 15 | Someone has taken my bag away. | My bag has been taken away. |